One of the labs that I work for wanted to have a shared file share that’s accessible from anywhere, from any of the clients they run. We ended up going with a FTPS configuration on Ubuntu using vsftpd. All of the users are considered “virtual users”, so they don’t have login privileges to the Ubuntu system, only the FTP daemon running (meaning no SSH, etc). Also, all users are working out of the same file share folder.
Since I had some trouble finding a good set of directions, I thought I’d write up what I did. First, because I’ll probably have to repeat it at some point, second because someone else might be looking for the same thing.
Requirements
- Ubuntu 10.04 LTS
- vsftpd 2.2.2+
- SSL certificate, either self-signed or from a SSL provider
Install software
If you haven’t installed vsftpd yet, you’ll want to do this:
sudo apt-get install vsftpd
Next we need a database utility for creating the hashed username/password file that vsftpd will authenticate against:
sudo apt-get install db4.8-util
Create virtual users
Now we need to create a text file that will have your virtual users identified. Let’s start by creating a directory to store this in:
sudo mkdir -p /etc/vsftpd
Now create the text file. This file will be turned into a hashed database file, so it’s OK that you’re typing out the password in clear text right now.
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt
The file configuration is one line for the user account name, then the next line is the account password. Repeat this for each user in a single monolithic file. For example:
mary
das2hky434adfg6yjkaf
peter
uh4nufh7ands
paul
ud674kr6d
Now we take this plain-text file and convert it to a database file with hashed passwords using the following command
sudo db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt /etc/vsftpd/virtual-users.db
We should change the file permissions on both of these files, just to protect them from prying eyes:
sudo chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt
sudo chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/virtual-users.db
Note: in the future if you need add/change/delete users, modify the logins.txt file and then use the db_load command to re-create the hashed database file.
Now we need to configure the vsftpd daemon to use the correct directory, have the correct permissions and correctly authenticate our users.
Let’s create a single directory for the data files on our server
sudo mkdir -p /var/ftp-data
Make sure that your ftp service account (created when we installed vsftpd) has correct permissions for this directory
sudo chown -R ftp:ftp /var/ftp-data
Now we need to create a new type of authentication that vsftpd will use to verify our user logins. We do this by creating a new file in the PAM configuration folder
sudo nano /etc/pam.d/vsftpd-virtual
The file contents should be as follows, which tells the system to look at our hashed database for the user login/password combinations:
auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/virtual-users
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/virtual-users
Now we have to tell vsftpd about these new configurations, but first let’s make a backup of the configuration, then make a new one.
sudo mv /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.bak
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
For the contents of this file, paste the following:
# runs vsftpd in standalone mode
listen=YES
# listens on this port for incoming FTP connections
listen_port=21
# disables anonymous FTP
anonymous_enable=NO
# enables non-anonymous FTP
local_enable=YES
# enables uploads and new directories
write_enable=YES
# the umask for file creation
local_umask=022
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
# the virtual user is restricted to the virtual FTP area
chroot_local_user=YES
# the PAM file used by authentication of virtual uses
pam_service_name=vsftpd-virtual
# SSL configuration directives
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/server.key
ssl_enable=YES
force_local_logins_ssl=YES
force_local_data_ssl=YES
ssl_tlsv1=YES
ssl_sslv2=NO
ssl_sslv3=NO
# the minimum port to allocate for PASV style data connections
pasv_min_port=31000
# the maximum port to allocate for PASV style data connections
pasv_max_port=31453
# activates virtual users
guest_enable=YES
# virtual users to use local privs, not anon privs
virtual_use_local_privs=YES
# specifies a home directory for all virtual users
local_root=/var/ftp-data
# hides the FTP server user ID, just show "ftp" in directory listings
hide_ids=YES
Now we restart the vsftpd service for all of the changes to take place
sudo service vsftpd restart
Conclusion
If you have a SSL certificate in the directory outlined, then you should be able to login to the FTP service over SSL and have access to the directory we setup in /var/ftp-data.
In my case we also put this network share behind an Astaro Security Gateway (ASG), so first our users make an SSL VPN connection to the ASG, then make a SSL connection to the FTP server.
